The prevention of eating disorders: Empirical, methodological, and conceptual considerations

Recent studies suggest that the prevalence of eating disorders in young women is increasing and that the number of preadolescent girls who engage in weight loss efforts is on the rise. Greater efforts directed toward the prevention of eating disorders are needed to reverse this trend. Although prevention research is still in its formative years, much is known about risk factors in the development of eating disorders. Several prevention studies have been empirically tested; however, only minimal results have been obtained. This review examines and critically evaluates risk factor research and prevention programs. Suggestions for future research include clearer definitions and standardization of terms related to the level of risk and type of prevention; an empirical foundation to support the use of proposed risk factors and intervention methods; the exclusion of participants with any diagnosable eating disorder from preventive interventions; more sustained, stepwise research analyzing the component parts of prevention; and further research into innovative, creative, and rigorous programs that have sufficiently large sample sizes and lengthy follow-up periods in which to detect effects.