A murine model of chronic inflammation-induced intestinal fibrosis down-regulated by antisense NF-κB

Background & Aims: To elucidate extracellular matrix (ECM) changes underlying intestinal fibrosis, a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease, we developed a murine model of chronic colitis associated with intestinal fibrosis. Methods: Chronic inflammation was established by weekly intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). In 2 variations of the model an antisense oligonucleotide for nuclear factor K B (NF-kappaB) p65 was given prophylactically or therapeutically to block chronic inflammation-associated fibrosis. Colonic inflammation and fibrosis were determined by histology. Total collagen level was estimated by hydroxyproline quantification. Colonic expression of collagens (Col1a2, Col3a2), ECM remodeling genes (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-1, -3, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase [TIMP]-1), and inflammation-modulating cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon gamma [IFN-gamma], transforming growth factor beta1 [TGF-beta1], and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) were assessed by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Control and TNBS-treated colonic mesenchymal cells were characterized by morphology, phenotype, and functional response to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Results: Colons of TNBS-treated mice contained acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates, increased collagen, fibrogenic tissue architecture, and increased expression of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IGF-1, Col1a2, MMP-1, and TIMP-1. Colonic mesenchymal cells from TNBS-treated mice were also morphologically distinct from those of the control mice, with increased TIMP-1 expression in response to IFN-gamma treatment. Fibrosis persisted for 2-4 weeks after cessation of the TNBS treatment. In mice given NF-kappaB antisense prophylactically, 67% were fibrosis-free, whereas of those treated after establishing chronic inflammation, 43% were free of fibrosis. Conclusions: Extended TNBS treatment of mice yielded chronic intestinal inflammation-associated fibrosis with extensive fibrogenic ECM changes that could be counteracted by specific blockade of NF-kappaB.