Attachment of Moraxella catarrhalis occurs to the positively charged domains of pharyngeal epithelial cells

Attachment of bacteria to host cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection. Several factors, such as hydrophobicity, surface electric charge, and van der Waals force, are considered to be responsible for the attachment step. However, it is not clear why bacteria and epithelial cells, both of which possess a negative surface charge, do not repel one another. In the present study, we used Moraxella catarrhalis and pharyngeal epithelial cells to study the surface charges of structures involved in the attachment. By atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipped with surface potential spectroscopy, it was found that the cell surface microplicae have a positive charge of 30.1 +/- 3.6 mV (mean +/- SE). The depressions between the microplicae have a negative surface charge of 43.5 +/- 4.0 mV. Using cationic ferritin and electron microscopy (EM) we confirmed that the depressions between the microplicae have a negative charge. By AFM and by using cationic ferritin with EM, it was found that the net surface charge of the bacterial cells is negative. By both AFM and EM, it was found that the bacterial cells attach to the microplicae of the pharyngeal epithelial cell. Our work confirmed the general belief that both kinds of cells do have a net negative charge. We conclude that there are positively and negatively charged domains on the surface of human pharyngeal epithelial cells. M. catarrhalis evidently attaches to the positively charged domain (i.e. microplicae) of pharyngeal epithelial cells. (C) 2000 Academic Press.