The role of seawater endocytosis in the biomineralization process in calcareous foraminifera

被引:211
作者
Bentov, Shmuel [1 ]
Brownlee, Colin [2 ]
Erez, Jonathan [1 ]
机构
[1] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel
[2] Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England
基金
以色列科学基金会;
关键词
seawater vacuoles; biomineralization; CALCIUM-TRANSPORT; INTRACELLULAR PH; CALCIFICATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MECHANISMS; CARBON;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0906636106
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
070301 [无机化学]; 070403 [天体物理学]; 070507 [自然资源与国土空间规划学]; 090105 [作物生产系统与生态工程];
摘要
Foraminifera are unicellular organisms that inhabit the oceans in various ecosystems. The majority of the foraminifera precipitate calcitic shells and are among the major CaCO3 producers in the oceans. They comprise an important component of the global carbon cycle and also provide valuable paleoceanographic information based on the relative abundance of stable isotopes and trace elements (proxies) in their shells. Understanding the biomineralization processes in foraminifera is important for predicting their calcification response to ocean acidification and for reliable interpretation of the paleoceanographic proxies. Most models of biomineralization invoke the involvement of membrane ion transporters (channels and pumps) in the delivery of Ca2+ and other ions to the calcification site. Here we show, in contrast, that in the benthic foraminiferan Amphistegina lobifera, (a shallow water species), transport of seawater via fluid phase endocytosis may account for most of the ions supplied to the calcification site. During their intracellular passage the seawater vacuoles undergo alkalization that elevates the CO32- concentration and further enhances their calcifying potential. This mechanism of biomineralization may explain why many calcareous foraminifera can be good recorders of paleoceanographic conditions. It may also explain the sensitivity to ocean acidification that was observed in several planktonic and benthic species.
引用
收藏
页码:21500 / 21504
页数:5
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