B-cell CLL/Lymphoma 10 (BCL10) Is Required for NF-κB Production by Both Canonical and Noncanonical Pathways and for NF-κB-inducing Kinase (NIK) Phosphorylation

B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10), the caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein involved in the etiology of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, has been implicated in inflammatory processes in epithelial cells, as well as in immune cells. Experiments in this report indicate that BCL10 is required for activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B by both canonical and noncanonical pathways, following stimulation by the sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan (CGN). In wild type and I kappa B-kinase (IKK)alpha(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, increases in phospho-I kappa B alpha, nuclear NF-kappa B p65 (RelA) and p50, and KC, the mouse analog of human interleukin-8, were markedly reduced by silencing BCL10 or by exposure to the free radical scavenger Tempol. In IKK beta(-/-) cells, BCL10 silencing, but not Tempol, reduced the CGN-induced increases in KC, phospho-NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK), cytoplasmic NF-kappa B p100, and nuclear NF-kappa B p52 and RelB, suggesting a BCL10 requirement for activation of the noncanonical pathway. In NCM460 cells, derived from normal, human colonic epithelium, the CGN-induced increases in NF-kappa B family members, p65, p50, p52, and RelB, were inhibited by BCL10 silencing. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confocal images demonstrated no change in total NIK following CGN, increases in phospho-NIK in the wild type, IKK beta(-/-) and IKK alpha(-/-) cells were inhibited by silencing BCL10. These findings indicate an upstream signaling role for BCL10, in addition to its effects on IKK gamma, the regulatory component of the IKK signalosome, and a requirement for BCL10 in both canonical and noncanonical pathways of NF-kappa B activation. Also, the commonly used food additive carrageenan can be added to the short list of known activators of both pathways.