Ultrastructural analysis of tese and semen sperm tails from patients exhibiting absolute immotility on the day of ICSI

Sperm flagellar pathology was found to be the underlying cause of motility disorders that lead to male infertility. Conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures will fail when sperm show a total absence of motility. In such difficult cases intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is the only available technique to fertilize an oocyte. Fertilization rates are low and may also be reduced when immotile sperm are used for ICSI from ejaculate of other than epididiymal or testicular origin. Presence of totally immotile sperm in the ejaculate on the day of ICSI if spermatogenesis is normal testicular sperm recovery can improve ICSI outcomes. But for patients having severe morphological or functional sperm defects embryos of lower quality tend to be produced when totally immotile sperm are used. In this study the 2 patients exhibiting totally immotile sperm in their ejaculates and TESE samples on the day of ICSI showed the same ultrastructural abnormalities. Peri-axonemal and axonemal abnormalities that were seen in association with sperm nucleus structural defects suggested that the source of sperm has no effect on morphologic characteristics and also reflects abnormality in both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. In this study the two patients who presented with oligoteratozoospermia with total immotility, using either ejaculate or TESE sperm fertilization and embryo development, can be obtained with ICSI, but no pregnancies were established after embryo transfers.