CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN RURAL SETTINGS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Interest in the effects of neighborhood context on individual wellbeing has increased in recent years. We now know that neighborhood conditions, such as poverty and deprivation, negatively impact residents. However, most of the extant work has taken an urban focus. Less is known about these processes in rural settings. Neighborhood conceptualizations, such as Census tracts and block groups, are standard in the urban neighborhood effects literature. Yet, rural neighborhoods differ from those in urban regions making it unclear how these conceptualizations would fit. This systematic review seeks to summarize how researchers have conceptualized and measured rural neighborhoods. Keyword searches were performed in a variety of databases to compile all relevant peer-reviewed articles. After examination, 19 articles fit the review criteria. Conceptualizations fell into five categories: administrative units, distance from home, town segments, local-actor mapped regions, and nongeographical self-definitions. Discussion of the merits of each for rural community research is provided. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.