Evaluation of Peripheral Pulmonary Arteries at 80 kV and at 140 kV: Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Assessment in 51 Patients

Purpose: To compare peripheral pulmonary artery image quality at 80 kVp and 140 kVp in the same patients. Materials and Methods: Image quality of third-, fourth- and fifth-order arteries was assessed at 80 kV and 140 kV on 1-mm-thick transverse scans, generated from dual-source computed tomography (CT) acquisitions. Results: The mean level of enhancement was significantly higher at 80 kV compared with 140 kV for the third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arteries (P < 0.0001). Despite a higher noise level at 80 kV (P < 0.0001), the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher at 80 kV than at 140 kV at the level of third-, fourth-, and fifth-order arteries (P < 0.0001). The mean vascular attenuation, mean signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio for peripheral arteries were significantly superior at 80 kV in the 3 body mass index categories (P < 0.005). Conclusions: Eighty-kilovolt protocols significantly improve the image quality of peripheral pulmonary arteries on CT angiograms of the chest.