Arsenic and manganese contamination of drinking water resources in Cambodia: Coincidence of risk areas with low relief topography

被引:201
作者
Buschmann, Johanna
Berg, Michael [1 ]
Stengel, Caroline
Sampson, Mickey L.
机构
[1] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
[2] RDIC, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es062056k
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Arsenic contamination of groundwater has been identified in Cambodia, where some 100,000 family-based wells are used for drinking water needs. We conducted a comprehensive groundwater survey in the Mekong River floodplain, comprising an area of 3700 km(2) (131 samples, 30 parameters). Seasonal fluctuations were also studied. Arsenic ranged from 1 to 1340 mu g L-1 (average 163 mu g L-1), with 48% exceeding 10 mu g L-1. Elevated manganese levels (57% > 0.4 mg L-1) are posing an additional health threat to the 1.2 million people living in this area. With 350 people km(-2) potentially exposed to chronic arsenic poisoning, the magnitude is similar to that of Bangladesh (200 km(-2)). Elevated arsenic levels are sharply restricted to the Bassac and Mekong River banks and the alluvium braided by these rivers (Kandal Province). Arsenic in this province averaged 233 mu g L-1 (median 100 mu g L-1), while concentrations to the west and east of the rivers were < 10 mu g L-1. Arsenic release from Holocene sediments between the rivers is most likely caused by reductive dissolution of metal oxides. Regions exhibiting low and elevated arsenic levels are co-incident with the present low relief topography featuring gently increasing elevation to the west and east of a shallow valleyunderstood as a relict of pre-Holocene topography. The full georeferenced database of groundwater analysis is provided as Supporting Information.
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页码:2146 / 2152
页数:7
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