Incidental language learning: Listening (and learning) out of the corner of your ear

Two experiments investigated the performance of first-grade children and adults on an incidental language-learning task. Learning entailed word segmentation from continuous speech, an initial and crucial component of language acquisition. Subjects were briefly exposed to an unsegmented artificial language, presented auditorily in which the only cues to word boundaries were the transitional probabilities between syllables. Subjects were not told that they were listening to a language or even to listen at all; rather, they were engaged in a cover task of creating computer illustrations. Both adults and children learned the words of the language. Moreover, the children performed as well as the adults. These data suggest that a statistical learning mechanism (transitional probability computation) is able to operate incidentally and surprisingly, as well in children as in adults.