Vestibular Asymmetry as the Cause of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Possible Answer from Xenopus

被引:48
作者
Lambert, Francois M. [1 ]
Malinvaud, David [1 ,2 ]
Glaunes, Joan [3 ]
Bergot, Catherine [4 ]
Straka, Hans [1 ]
Vidal, Pierre-Paul [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Paris 05, Lab Neurobiol Reseaux Sensorimoteurs, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Unite Mixte Rech 7060, F-75006 Paris, France
[2] Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Dept ORL & Chirurg Cervicofaciale, F-75015 Paris, France
[3] Univ Paris 05, CNRS, UMR 8145, F-75270 Paris 06, France
[4] CNRS, UMR 7052, Expt Radiol Lab, F-75010 Paris, France
关键词
CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MELATONIN; COMPENSATION; PINEALECTOMY; PROGRESSION; PLASTICITY; PREDICTION; CHICKENS; LESIONS; RATS;
D O I
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2583-09.2009
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 [神经生物学];
摘要
Human idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by severe deformations of the spine and skeleton. The occurrence of vestibular-related deficits in these patients is well established but it is unclear whether a vestibular pathology is the common cause for the scoliotic syndrome and the gaze/posture deficits or if the latter behavioral deficits are a consequence of the scoliotic deformations. A possible vestibular origin was tested in the frog Xenopus laevis by unilateral removal of the labyrinthine endorgans at larval stages. After metamorphosis into young adult frogs, X-ray images and three-dimensional reconstructed micro-computer tomographic scans of the skeleton showed deformations similar to those of scoliotic patients. The skeletal distortions consisted of a curvature of the spine in the frontal and sagittal plane, a transverse rotation along the body axis and substantial deformations of all vertebrae. In terrestrial vertebrates, the initial postural syndrome after unilateral labyrinthectomy recovers over time and requires body weight-supporting limb proprioceptive information. In an aquatic environment, however, this information is absent. Hence, the lesion-induced asymmetric activity in descending spinal pathways and the resulting asymmetric muscular tonus persists. As a consequence the mostly cartilaginous skeleton of the frog tadpoles progressively deforms. Lack of limb proprioceptive signals in an aquatic environment is thus the element, which links the Xenopus model with human scoliosis because a comparable situation occurs during gestation in utero. A permanently imbalanced activity in descending locomotor/posture control pathways might be the common origin for the observed structural and behavioral deficits in humans as in the different animal models of scoliosis.
引用
收藏
页码:12477 / 12483
页数:7
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