Role of Raf-1 conserved region 2 in regulation of Ras-dependent Raf-1 activation

Full activation of Raf-l requires the interaction of its CRD with Has. The serine/threonine-rich region, CR2, of Raf-l was implicated in Raf-l regulation, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. Here we show that CRD loses its Ras-binding activity when expressed in connection with CR2, suggesting that CR2 masks CRD. This masking effect is abolished by substitution of Asp or Ala for Ser-259, a growth factor- and TPA-induced phosphorylation site in CR2. Treatment of COS-7 cells expressing Ha-Ras(Val-12) and Raf-l with TPA enhances the Ha-Ras(Val-12)-dependent Raf-l kinase activity. In contrast, the Ha-Ras(Val-12)-dependent activities of the Raf-1(S259D) and Raf-1(S259A) mutants are comparable to that of wild-type Raf-l stimulated by both Ha-Ras(Val-12) and TPA and cannot be further stimulated by TPA treatment. These results suggest that the in vivo phosphorylation of Ser-259 may comprise a crucial step for Ras-dependent Raf-l activation by unmasking CRD and promoting its association with Ras. (C) 2000 Academic Press.