Hyperdynamics: Accelerated molecular dynamics of infrequent events

I derive a general method for accelerating the molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation of infrequent events in solids. A bias potential (Delta V-b) raises the energy in regions other than the transition states b between potential basins. Transitions occur at an accelerated rate and the elapsed time becomes a statistical property of the system. Delta V-b can be constructed without knowing the location of the transition states and implementation requires only first derivatives. I examine the diffusion mechanisms of a 10-atom Ag cluster on the Ag(111) surface using a 220 mu s hyper-MD simulation.