Assessment of the decision support needs of women from HIV endemic countries regarding voluntary HIV testing in Canada

Objective: To describe the decision support needs of immigrant and refugee women from HIV endemic countries regarding decision-making about voluntary counseling and testing for HIV (VCT) in Canada; and the needs of practitioners who support these women in making this decision, in a culturally appropriate manner. Methods: Adapted, semi-structured questionnaires, based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF), were used to interview practitioners and patients. Practitioners from diverse backgrounds were purposefully selected from centers providing VCT in Ottawa. Adult, English-speaking immigrant and refugee women from HIV endemic countries were recruited from a clinic specializing in immigrant health services. Responses were tabulated using descriptive statistics, and emerging themes coded to identify unique factors affecting decision-making. Results: Analysis revealed differences between practitioner and patient perceptions of the decision-making needs of women from HIV endemic countries regarding VCT. Practitioners identified women's lack of knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention as a primary need, while patients identified inadequate awareness of HIV screening and treatment services, and their benefits and harms. Patients also perceived that women would not be aware of the various VCT options, while few practitioners highlighted this concern. Both groups held similar viewpoints about counseling strategies that could improve decision-making. Conclusion: Women were unaware of the options available to them for VCT. Both practitioners and patients highlighted the issue of stigma and negative outcomes associated with testing that created barriers or contributed to delays in women receiving testing. Women preferred anonymous testing, and recommended that information and decision support regarding HIV testing be provided via non-targeted strategies, and integrated within general health services or public education. Practice implications: Decision support in the context of VCT can improve decision quality, empowering patients to make informed decisions based on personal values. Study findings can inform the development of clinical guidelines for the routine offering of VCT. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.