Physicochemical modification of copper extractants. A review.

The modification of hydroxyoximes, ester and amides of pyridine carboxylic acids with various oxygen containing modifiers (alcohols, allcylphenols, ketones, esters, etc.) is reviewed. The modifiers form co-associates with the copper extractants changing, in this way, the active concentration of the monomer and blocking the active groups of the extractants. The structures of such associates predicted by molecular modeling are given.