A population-based estimate of the substantial burden of diarrhoeal disease in the United States; FoodNet, 1996-2003

From 1996 to 2003, four 12-month population-based surveys were performed in FoodNet sites to determine the burden of diarrhoeal disease in the population. Acute diarrhoeal illness (ADI) was defined as > 3 loose stools in 24 hours with impairment of daily activities or duration of diarrhoea > 1 day. A total of 52 840 interviews were completed. The overall weighted prevalence of ADI in the previous month was 5(.)1 % (95 % CI +/- 0(.)3 %), corresponding to 0(.)6 episodes of ADI per person per year. The average monthly prevalence of ADI was similar in each of the four survey cycles (range 4(.)5-5(.)2 %). Rates of ADI were highest in those age < 5 years. Of those with ADI, 33(.)8 % (95 % CI + 2(.)7 %) reported vomiting, 19(.)5 % (95 % Cl + 2(.)1 %) visited a medical provider, and 7(.)8 % (95 % CI + 1(.)4 %) took antibiotics. Rates of ADI were remarkably consistent over time, and demonstrate the substantial burden placed on the health-care system.