Factors related to increased daytime sleepiness during the menopausal transition as evaluated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Background: Sleep disorders and sleep-apnea/hypopnea syndromes are very frequent in women, being misdiagnosed in many cases. The menopause, regardless of age, is associated to poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness that can lead to impaired quality of life, and reduced productivity and functioning. Objective: To assess daytime sleepiness and related risk factors among middle aged Ecuadorian women using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study 149 women aged 40-59 years were assessed for hot flush presence and intensity using the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS)and requested to fill out the ESS and a questionnaire containing personal and partner data. Results: Mean age of surveyed women was 47.6 +/- 5.5 years, with 67.8% having less than 12 years of schooling, 33.6% being postmenopausal, and 2.7% on hormone therapy. A 10.1% were current smokers and 20.8% were sedentary. According to the MRS (item 1) 51.7% presented hot flushes, which were graded as severe-very severe in 42.8% of cases. Regarding the partner (n = 132), erectile dysfunction was present in 10.6%, premature ejaculation 6.1% and 17.4% abused alcohol. Mean total ESS score was 8 +/- 4.4 (median 8), with 33.6% considered having some degree of daytime sleepiness (ESS score > 10). Logistic regression analysis determined that postmenopausal status (OR 6.58, CI 95% [2.51-17.23]. p = 0.001), sedentarism (OR 3.43, CI 95% [1.14-10.26], p = 0.02) and hot flush presence (OR 2.61, CI 95% [1.02-6.65], p = 0.04) among women were risk factors for increased daytime sleepiness (ESS total score > 10) whereas partner faithfulness decreased this risk (OR 0.47, CI 95% [0.24-0.90], p = 0.02). Conclusion: Increased daytime sleepiness in this middle aged series was related to female (hormonal status and sedentarism) and partner factors; several which are susceptible of intervention. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.