Multi-layered multi-material finite element for crashworthiness studies

The materials used in the field of ground transportation are becoming increasingly complex and it is usual to find numerous composite parts. The potential for utilization is generally verified through the numerical simulations, especially doe to the increase in severe safety criteria. This paper deals with a finite element intended to describe numerically the behaviour of multi-layered multi-materials (combination of metallic and composite plies). A complete description of this element is presented with the taking into account of the resin ductility and the asymmetrical tension/compression behaviour for composite plies. The latter are performed by the introduction of an isotropic hardening law and a compressive multiplier depending on strain. Some numerical validations will be produced to verify the developments. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.