Enhanced thrombogenesis but not platelet activation is associated with transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke

Background and Purpose-No studies have yet determined whether antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is the more appropriate treatment after transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the presence, degree, and timing of activation of the platelet and coagulation systems after transcatheter closure of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods-Twenty-four consecutive patients (mean age, 44 +/- 10 years; 11 men) with previous cryptogenic stroke who had undergone successful transcatheter closure of PFO were included in the study. Prothrombin fragment 1+ 2 (F1 +2) and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) were used as markers of coagulation activation, and soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand were used as markers of platelet activation. Measurements of all hemostatic markers were taken at baseline just before the procedure and at 7, 30, and 90 days after device implantation. Results-F1 + 2 and TAT levels increased from 0.41 +/- 0.16 nmol/L and 2.34 +/- 1.81 ng/mL, respectively, at baseline to a maximal value of 0.61 +/- 0.16 nmol/L and 4.34 +/- 1.83 ng/mL, respectively, at 7 days, gradually returning to baseline levels at 90 days (P < 0.001 for both markers). F1 + 2 and TAT levels at 7 days after PFO closure were higher than those obtained in a group of 25 healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both markers). Levels of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand did not change at any time after PFO closure. Conclusions-Transcatheter closure of PFO is associated with significant activation of the coagulation system, with no increase in platelet activation markers. These findings raise the question of whether optimal antithrombotic treatment after PFO closure should be short-term anticoagulant rather than antiplatelet therapy.