Ultraviolet photoemission spectra from ethylene adsorbed at 80 K clearly show the presence of di-sigma-bonded and pi-bonded ethylene on clean and H-precovered Rh(100) surfaces, respectively. In temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy, one-third of this weakly adsorbed pi-bonded ethylene is effectively hydrogenated to ethane below 200 K in contrast to the di-sigma-bonded ethylene coadsorbed with hydrogen atoms. This is strong support for pi-bonded ethylene as a primary intermediate in the reaction of ethylene hydrogenation.