High resolution mapping of the indica-derived rice blast resistance genes .2. Pi-ta(2) and Pi-ta and a consideration of their origin

The indica-derived rice blast resistance genes Pi-ta(2) and Pi-ta, introgressed into a japonica background, were mapped on the middle of chromosome 12 with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)/random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and several nearly isogenic lines (NILs), Pi-ta(2) cosegregated with XNpb 289 and 196, and was flanked by closely linked markers at 0.3 (ta(2)-1) and 0.7 chi (XNpb 088, 319/079) on the left (up) side, and at 0.3 (RUBss) and 0.7 cM (XNpb316) on the right (down) side of the map, in F-2 analyses of Pi No. 4 x japonica crosses, with 160 recessive homozygotic individuals corresponding to 320 chromosomes, CHEF (contour-clamped hexagonal electric field) Southern blotting suggested that XNpb088 and XNpb239-1, both very close to Pi-ta(2), were spanned by a 170-kb band, suggesting about 500 to 750 kb/cM as the physical/genetic distances ratio in the crosses of Pi No. 4 x japonica, which was rather low in recombination ratio, in this region, Pi-fa was mapped to the position overlapping Pi-ta(2) by graphical genotype analysis of an NIL with a very narrow introgressed region, Shimokita, This result suggested that these functionally related genes are allelic or at least very closely located, and that they may be derived from a common ancestral gene, However, RFLP analyses of the NILs of these two genes indicated that they are derived from rather different genomes, refuting the report that NILs of Pi-fa share a common donor with those of Pi-ta(2), This indicates that the two genes differentiated at a rather ancient time, Two other pedigrees, describing spontaneous recent origins of Pi-ta in japonica, were also refuted and a single indica origin of the gene was indicated.