Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom is efficacious for Envenomations by Southern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus helleri)

被引:52
作者
Bush, SP
Green, SM
Moynihan, JA
Hayes, WK
Cardwell, MD
机构
[1] Loma Linda Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
[2] Loma Linda Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
[3] San Bernardino Cty Sheriffs Dept, San Bernardino, CA USA
关键词
D O I
10.1067/mem.2002.129939
中图分类号
R4 [临床医学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100602 ;
摘要
Study objective: Southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri) venom is not 1 of the 4 venoms used to produce Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) (CroFab; FabAV). There is currently no published clinical experience regarding the efficacy of this new antivenom for confirmed C helleri envenomation, and animal data suggest greatly diminished efficacy. We assessed the efficacy of FabAV for patients with confirmed C helleri envenomation. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 23 consecutive rattlesnake envenomations that were treated with FabAV at our center. Patients were excluded if the species of snake could not be confirmed, if FabAV antivenom was not given, or if Antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent (equine) was given. We collected serial physical examination and laboratory data over a 24-hour period to serially evaluate the severity score and performed follow-up to evaluate delayed reactions. Results: There were 15 patients who received FabAV and had the species of rattlesnake confirmed (9 C helleri, 4 C scutulatus scutulatus, 1 C mitchellii pyrrhus, 1 C ruber ruber). C helleri envenomations demonstrated similar improvement in serial snakebite severity scores to those of other species. Three patients treated with scheduled dosing had recurrence of progressive swelling (2 C helleri and 1 C mitchellii pyrrhus) during the 24-hour study period. Conclusion: We observed similar improvement in FabAV-treated patients with C helleri envenomation compared with those of other species and conclude that this treatment in standard doses appears efficacious for bites by this species. Progressive swelling may recur despite scheduled dosing.
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页码:619 / 624
页数:6
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