Stimulus format and working memory in fast and frugal strategy selection

The necessity of retrieving complex attribute information from long-term memory has been shown to elevate processing costs and boost the use of simple decision heuristics. This effect was confined to verbal as opposed to pictorial attribute information. In a large-scale experiment (N = 151), either verbal or pictorial information for inferences had to be retrieved from long-term memory. Concurrent secondary tasks either interfered with the Central Executive, the Phonological Loop, or the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad. These are hypothetical components of working memory responsible for processing different information formats. Whereas the information format massively affected strategy selection, there was an additive rather than interactive effect of secondary task, suggesting enhanced retrieval costs irrespective of the information format. An additional analysis in terms of a similarity match as proposed by exemplar-based models did not enhance the explanation of the data. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.