Developmental and contextual influences on autonomic reactivity in young children

被引:151
作者
Alkon, A [1 ]
Goldstein, LH
Smider, N
Essex, MJ
Kupfer, DJ
Boyce, WT
机构
[1] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
[2] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Human Dev, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53719 USA
[5] Univ Pittsburgh, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
[6] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst Human Dev, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[7] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
关键词
autonomic reactivity; cardiovascular; children; health;
D O I
10.1002/dev.10082
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Studies of cardiovascular reactivity in young children have generally employed. integrated, physiologically complex measures, such as heart rate and blood pressure, which are subject to the multiple influences of factors such as blood volume, hematologic status, thermoregulation, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) tone. Reactivity studies in children have rarely employed more differentiated, proximal measures of autonomic function capable of discerning the independent effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. We describe 1) the development, validity, and reliability of a psychobiology: protocol assessing autonomic reactivity to challenge in 3- to 8-year old children; 2) the influences of age, gender and study context on autonomic measures; and 3) the distributions of activity measures in a normative sample of children and the Prevalences of discrete autonomic profiles. Preejection period (PEP) and respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA) were measured as indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic. nervous system reactivity, respectively, and autonomic profiles were created to offer summative indices of PEP and RSA response. Results confirmed the protocol's validity and reliability, and showed differences in autonomic reactivity by age and study context, but not by gender. The studies' findings offer guidelines for future research on autonomy. c reactivity in middle childhood and support the feasibility of examining sympathetic and parasympathetic responses to challenge in 3- to 8-year-old children. (C) 2003, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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页码:64 / 78
页数:15
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