The Danish Eulerian hemispheric model - A three-dimensional air pollution model used for the Arctic

A three-dimensional Eulerian hemispheric air pollution model, the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM), is in development at the National Environmental Research Institute (NERI). The model has been used to study long-range transport of air pollution in the Northern Hemisphere. The present version of the model includes long-range transport of sulphur dioxide (SO,) and particulate sulphate (SO42-). The chemistry in the model is described by a simple linear oxidation of SO2 to SO42-, and the wet deposition of SO2 and SO42- is estimated based on the amount of precipitation, which is calculated from the contents of liquid cloud water (see Christensen, Ail Pollution Modelling and its Applications, Vol. X, pp. 119-127, Vol. XI, pp. 249-256, Plenum press, New York; 1995, Ph.D. thesis, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark). The model has been used to study the air pollution in the Arctic. Results from 3 1/2 yr simulation with an analysis of the results is presented: the model results are verified by comparisons to measurements not only from the Arctic region but also from Europe and Canada. Some examples of episodes in the Arctic including analysis of the meteorological conditions during the episodes are presented. Finally, the model has been used to estimate the contribution from the different source regions on the northern hemisphere to the Arctic sulphur pollution. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.