Antibody cross-linking of human CD9 and the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor stimulates secretion from transfected rat basophilic leukaemia cells

Previous studies have shown that antibody cross-linking of the tetraspanin protein CD9 stimulates the degranulation of platelets and eosinophils, although the mechanism of activation is unclear. In this work we transfected human CD9 into the rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cell line and studied the stimulation of secretion from these cells in response to a panel of anti-CD9 antibodies. Intact immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibodies activated transfected cells whereas F(ab')(2) fragments of antibody and an intact IgG2a did not. Stimulation of secretion was inhibited by co-incubation with monomer murine immunoglobulin E (IgE) but not with an IgG1 isotype control, indicating that the response involves the endogenous high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI). The anti-CD9 antibody activation curve was biphasic, and supraoptimal antibody concentrations stimulated little or no degranulation, indicating that multivalent binding of human CD9 molecules is necessary for the formation of an active complex with rat Fc epsilon RI. Immunoprecipitation of Fc epsilon RI under mild detergent conditions co-precipitated CD9, suggesting the presence of pre-existing complexes of CD9 and Fc epsilon RI that could be activated by antibody cross-linking. These data are further evidence that tetraspanins are involved in Fc epsilon RI signalling and may reflect the participation of tetraspanins in the formation of complexes with other membrane proteins that use components of Fc receptors for signal transduction.