Electrochemical studies of ferrocene in a lithium ion conducting organic carbonate electrolyte

We carried out a detailed study of the kinetics of oxidation of ferrocene (Fc) to ferrocenium ion (Fc(+)) in the non-aqueous lithium ion conducting electrolyte composed of a solution of 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 EC:EMC solvent mixture. This study using cyclic (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry showed that the Fc(0)/Fc(+) redox couple is reversible in this highly concentrated electrolyte. The ferrocene and ferrocenium ion diffusion coefficients (D) were calculated from these results. In addition, the electron transfer rate constant (k(0)) and the exchange current density for the oxidation of ferrocene were determined. A comparison of the kinetic data obtained from the two electrochemical techniques appears to show that the data from the RDE experiments are more reliable because they are collected under strict mass transport control. A Tafel slope of c.a. 79 mV/decade and a transfer coefficient alpha of 0.3 obtained from analysis of the RDE data for ferrocene oxidation suggest that the structure of the activated complex is closer to that of the oxidized specie due to strong interactions with the carbonate solvents. The experiments reported here are relevant to the study of redox reagents for the chemical overcharge protection of Li-ion batteries. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.