Structural analysis of junctions formed between lipid membranes and several annexins by cryo-electron microscopy

The (annexin II-p11)(2) tetramer has been proposed to participate in exocytosis and several other members of the annexin superfamily have been reported to aggregate liposomes in vitro. In this context, the Ca2+-dependent binding of several annexins to chromaffin granules and liposomes was investigated by cryo-electron microscopy. The Ca2+-dependent aggregation of lipid membranes by (annexin II-p11)(2) results from the spontaneous self-organization of the protein into two-dimensional plaques, which are visualized in projection as characteristic junctions. The junctions have a constant thickness of 210(+/-10) Angstrom and present a symmetrical distribution of electron-dense material arranged into seven stripes. They were observed over a wide range of Ca2+ concentrations, down to 2 mu M. The molecular components corresponding to the seven electron-dense stripes were assigned as follows: the two associated membranes give rise to two outer stripes each and the three central stripes correspond to the (annexin II-p11)(2) tetramer. Each annexin II molecule interacts with the outer lipid leaflet of one membrane, giving rise to one stripe, while the central stripe is due to the (p11)(2) dimer with which both annexin II molecules interact. Both annexin II and annexin I also induced the Ca2+-dependent aggregation of liposomes via junctions that lack the central (p11)(2) moiety and present only six high-density stripes. As expected, both annexin V and annexin III bind to liposomes without inducing their aggregation. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.