T cell hyperreactivity to IL-6 in chronic nonviremic HBV carriers despite normal IL-6 receptor or gp130 expression

We previously showed that T cells from chronic nonviremic HBsAg carriers activated with immobilized OKT3 MAb are hyperreactive to monocyte accessory signals, mainly to interleukin-6 (IL-6). We have further characterized this T cell hyperreactivity using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as the primary activating signal. PHA-stimulated T cells from non-viremic patients had a significantly higher response to addition of monocytes, monocyte supernatants, and IL-6 alone or combined with IL-1 beta when compared to controls. We examined if these effects could be mediated by a differential expression of IL-6 receptor (p80) or gp130 on resting or PHA-stimulated T cells. We found that PHA, IL-6, IL-1 beta, or IL-2 induced only small changes of the dull p80 expression on T cells. In contrast, we found a significant increase of gp130 expression on PHA-activated T cells compared to unstimulated T cells, which was down-regulated by the presence of IL-6. However, no significant differences in p80 or gp130 expression were detected between patients and controls within all the culture conditions tested. Our results confirm that IL-6 is involved in the in vitro T cell hyperreactivity of nonviremic HBV carriers and indicate that this effect is not mediated by disturbances of IL-6 receptor expression.