Cardiovascular and metabolic risk in outpatients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: Results of the CLAMORS Study

Aim: To assess the prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in patients treated with antipsychotics. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study in which 117 Spanish psychiatrists (the CLAMORS Study Collaborative Group) recruited consecutive outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform or Schizoaffective Disorder, receiving antipsychotic treatment for at least 12 weeks. CHD risk was assessed by SCORE (10-year CV death) and Framingham (10-year all CHD events) function. MS was defined by at least 3 of the following components: waist circumference > 102 (men)/> 88 (women) cm; triglycerides >= 150 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl (men)/< 50 mg/dl (women); blood pressure >= 130/85; fasting glucose >= 110 mg/dl. Results: 1452 evaluable patients (863 men, 60.9%), aged 40.7 +/- 12.2 years (mean +/- SD) were included. MS was present in 24.6% [23.6% (men), 27.2% (women); p=0.130)]. The overall 10-year risks were 0.9 +/- 1.9 (SCORE) and 7.2 +/- 7.6 (Framingham). 8% (95%CI: 6.5-9.5) and 22.1% (95%CI: 20.0-24.3) of patients showed a high/very high risk according to SCORE (>= 3%) and Framingham (>= 10%) function. Abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol were more prevalent in women: 54.5% (95%CI: 50.2-58.9) versus 34.3% (95%CI: 31.0-37.7), and 46.1% (95%CI: 41.4) versus 28.5 (95%CI: 50.8), p < 0.001 in both cases. Hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were more prevalent in men: 59.0% (95%CI: 55.7-62.3) versus 46.0% (95%CI: 41.8-50.2), and 40.7% (95%CI: 37.2-44.2) versus 32.4 (95%CI: 28.3-36.5), p < 0.01 in both cases. Conclusions: CHD risk and MS prevalences among patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics were in the same range as the Spanish general population 10 to 15 years older. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.