Coupled maps with growth and death: An approach to cell differentiation

An extension of coupled maps is given which allows for the growth of the number of elements, and is inspired by the cell differentiation problem. The growth of elements is made possible first by clustering the phases, and then by differentiating roles. The former leads to the time sharing of resources, while the latter leads to the separation of roles for the growth. The mechanism of the differentiation of elements is studied. An extension to a model with several internal phase variables is given, which shows differentiation of internal states. The relevance of interacting dynamics with internal states (''intra-inter'' dynamics) to biological problems is discussed with an emphasis on heterogeneity by clustering, macroscopic robustness by partial synchronization and recursivity with the selection of initial conditions and digitalization.