Host heterogeneity dominates West Nile virus transmission

被引:396
作者
Kilpatrick, A. Marm
Daszak, Peter
Jones, Matthew J.
Marra, Peter P.
Kramer, Laura D.
机构
[1] Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY 10001 USA
[2] New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA
[3] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA
关键词
reservoir host; reproductive ratio; R-0; infectiousness; host-vector contact rate; super spreading events;
D O I
10.1098/rspb.2006.3575
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Heterogeneity in host populations and communities can have large effects on the transmission and control of a pathogen. In extreme cases, a few individuals give rise to the majority of secondary infections, which have been termed super spreading events. Here, we show that transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) is dominated by extreme heterogeneity in the host community, resulting in highly inflated reproductive ratios. A single relatively uncommon avian species, American robin (Turdus migratorius), appeared to be responsible for the majority of WNV-infectious mosquitoes and acted as the species equivalent of a super spreader for this multi-host pathogen. Crows were also highly preferred by mosquitoes at some sites, while house sparrows were significantly avoided. Nonetheless, due to their relative rarity, corvids (crows and jays) were relatively unimportant in WNV amplification. These results challenge current beliefs about the role of certain avian species in WNV amplification and demonstrate the importance of determining contact rates between vectors and host species to understand pathogen transmission dynamics.
引用
收藏
页码:2327 / 2333
页数:7
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