Josephson effects between multigap and single-gap superconductors

Multigap superconductors can exhibit qualitatively different phenomena due to the existence of multiple order parameters. Repulsive electronic interactions may give rise to a phase difference of pi between the phases of the order parameters. Collective modes due to the oscillation of the relative phases of these order parameters are also possible. Here we show that both these phenomena are observable in Josephson junctions between a single-gap and a multi-gap superconductor. In particular, a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the Josephson current through the junction reveals the existence of the pi phase differences in the multi-gap superconductor. This mechanism may be relevant for understanding several experiments on the Josephson junctions with unconventional superconductors. We also discuss how the presence of the collective mode resonantly enhances the dc Josephson current when the voltage across the junction matches the mode frequency. We suggest that our results may apply to MgB2, 2H-NbSe2, spin ladder, and bilayer cuprates.