Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans

被引：1097

作者：

Haas, Brian J. ^{[2
]}

Kamoun, Sophien ^{[1
,3
]}

Zody, Michael C. ^{[2
,4
]}

Jiang, Rays H. Y. ^{[5
]}

Handsaker, Robert E. ^{[2
]}

Cano, Liliana M. ^{[1
]}

Grabherr, Manfred ^{[2
]}

Kodira, Chinnappa D. ^{[2
]}

Raffaele, Sylvain ^{[1
]}

Torto-Alalibo, Trudy ^{[3
]}

Bozkurt, Tolga O. ^{[1
]}

Ah-Fong, Audrey M. V. ^{[6
]}

Alvarado, Lucia ^{[2
]}

Anderson, Vicky L. ^{[7
]}

Armstrong, Miles R. ^{[8
]}

Avrova, Anna ^{[8
]}

Baxter, Laura ^{[9
]}

Beynon, Jim ^{[9
]}

Boevink, Petra C. ^{[8
]}

Bollmann, Stephanie R. ^{[10
]}

Bos, Jorunn I. B. ^{[3
]}

Bulone, Vincent ^{[11
]}

Cai, Guohong ^{[12
]}

Cakir, Cahid ^{[3
]}

Carrington, James C. ^{[13
,14
]}

Chawner, Megan ^{[15
]}

Conti, Lucio ^{[16
]}

Costanzo, Stefano ^{[17
]}

Ewan, Richard ^{[16
]}

Fahlgren, Noah ^{[13
,14
]}

Fischbach, Michael A. ^{[18
]}

Fugelstad, Johanna ^{[11
]}

Gilroy, Eleanor M. ^{[8
]}

Gnerre, Sante ^{[2
]}

Green, Pamela J. ^{[19
]}

Grenville-Briggs, Laura J. ^{[7
]}

Griffith, John ^{[15
]}

Gruenwald, Niklaus J. ^{[10
]}

Horn, Karolyn ^{[15
]}

Horner, Neil R. ^{[7
]}

Hu, Chia-Hui ^{[20
]}

Huitema, Edgar ^{[3
]}

Jeong, Dong-Hoon ^{[19
]}

Jones, Alexandra M. E. ^{[1
]}

Jones, Jonathan D. G. ^{[1
]}

Jones, Richard W. ^{[21
]}

Karlsson, Elinor K. ^{[2
]}

Kunjeti, Sridhara G. ^{[22
]}

Lamour, Kurt ^{[23
]}

Liu, Zhenyu ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Sainsbury Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England

[2] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA

[3] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA

[4] Uppsala Univ, Dept Med Biochem & Microbiol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden

[5] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands

[6] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[7] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen Oomycete Lab, Coll Life Sci & Med, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland

[8] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Plant Pathol Programme, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland

[9] Univ Warwick, Warwick CV35 9EF, England

[10] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA

[11] AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Sch Biotechnol, Royal Inst Technol KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[12] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

[13] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[14] Oregon State Univ, Ctr Genome Res & Biocomp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[15] Lafayette Coll, Dept Biol, Easton, PA 18042 USA

[16] Univ Glasgow, Plant Mol Sci Fac Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

[17] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA

[18] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA

[19] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19711 USA

[20] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA

[21] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA

[22] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[23] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA

[24] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA

[25] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA

[26] Coll Wooster, Dept Biol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA

[27] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA

[28] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Med Sci, Coll Life Sci & Med, Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland

[29] Univ Los Andes, Mycol & Phytopathol Lab, Bogota, Colombia

[30] Univ Edinburgh, Western Gen Hosp, Inst Genet & Mol Med, Canc Res Ctr, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland

[31] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Genet Lab, Ctr Biotechnol,Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[32] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Bot 210, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany

[33] Univ Dundee, SCRI, Coll Life Sci, Div Plant Sci, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland

[34] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA

[35] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

来源：

NATURE | 2009年 / 461卷 / 7262期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会;

关键词：

EFFECTOR PROTEINS; RXLR EFFECTORS; CELL-DEATH; PLANT; AVIRULENCE; AVR3A; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; GENES;

D O I：

10.1038/nature08358

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement(1). To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population(1). Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion(2). Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars(3,4). Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at similar to 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for similar to 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.

引用

页码：393 / 398

页数：6

共 24 条

[1] An ancestral oomycete locus contains late blight avirulence gene Avr3a, encoding a protein that is recognized in the host cytoplasm [J].