Effect of seasonal differences in dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears

被引:127
作者
Hilderbrand, GV
Jenkins, SG
Schwartz, CC
Hanley, TA
Robbins, CT
机构
[1] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA
[2] Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
[3] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA
[4] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA
[5] Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
来源
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE | 1999年 / 77卷 / 10期
关键词
D O I
10.1139/cjz-77-10-1623
中图分类号
Q95 [动物学];
学科分类号
071002 ;
摘要
The influence of seasonal dietary meat intake on changes in body mass and composition in wild and captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) was investigated because the importance and availability of meat to brown bear populations is currently an important management consideration in several North American ecosystems. Adult female brown bears on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, utilized meat heavily in both spring and fall. Meat accounted for 76.2 +/- 26.0% (mean +/- 1 SD; primarily moose carrion and calves) of assimilated carbon and nitrogen in the spring and 80.4 +/- 22.2% (primarily salmon) in the fall. Mass increases in the spring (71.8 +/- 28.2%) were mostly lean body mass, but increases in the fall (81.0 +/- 19.5%) were primarily fat. Daily intake by captive brown bears fed meat ad libitum during 12-day trials was positively related to body mass. Mass change was positively related to intake in both seasons, but the composition of the gain varied by season, with spring gains primarily lean body mass (64.2 +/- 9.4%), while fall gains were 78.8 +/- 19.6% lipid. Absolute rates of gain by wild bears occasionally equaled, but were usually much less than, those of captive bears. This was likely due to a combination of factors, which included the time required to locate and handle meat resources, the limited availability of or access to meat resources, and (or) the duration of meat resource availability. Estimated intake by bears not feeding selectively on high-energy components of moose and salmon were 8.5 +/- 1.5 kg/day and 541 +/- 156 kg/year and 10.8 +/- 4.6 kg/day and 1003 +/- 489 kg/year, respectively. Intake would drop by as much as 58% for bears feeding exclusively on salmon roe. Management strategies for areas with brown bears that consume significant amounts of meat should address the perpetuation and availability of these meat resources.
引用
收藏
页码:1623 / 1630
页数:8
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