Cholangiographic features of biliary strictures after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis: Evidence of recurrent disease

OBJECTIVE. Biliary strictures occur more frequently after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) than for other diseases, A hypothesized cause is recurrence of PSC in the liver graft. In our study, we compared cholangiographic features of biliary strictures after transplantation for PSC to those after transplantation for other diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A study group of 32 PSC grafts in adults with biliary strictures was compared with a control group of 32 non-PSC grafts with strictures. Both groups were matched for the type of biliary anastomosis (choledochojejunostomy) and for the time interval between transplantation and stricture diagnosis, We then performed a blind retrospective review of cholangiograms in these 64 cases to evaluate for features of PSC. RESULTS. Location, number, and length of strictures and ductal dilatation were similar in the PSC and non-PSC groups, Mural irregularities of bile ducts were present in 15 of 32 (47%) PSC grafts compared with four of 32 (13%) in the control group (p = .005). Diverticulum-like outpouchings occurred in six of 32 (19%) PSC grafts compared with one of 32 (3%) in the control group. An overall resemblance to PSC was observed in eight of 32 (25%) grafts in the PSC group compared with two of 32 (6%) in the control group. CONCLUSION. Mural irregularity and diverticulum-like outpouchings-findings suggestive of PSC-and an overall appearance resembling PSC occur more frequently in PSC transplants than in transplants for other diseases. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PSC may recur in liver transplants.