Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River Delta region

The climatic and environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols are a hot topic in global science community, and radiative properties of the aerosols are one of the important parameters in assessing climatic change. Here we studied the black carbon concentration and absorption coefficient measured with aethalometers, scattering coefficient measured with nephelometers, and single scattering albedo derived at an atmospheric composition watch station in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2007. Our main results are as follows. The data of black carbon concentration and absorption coefficients measured with instruments cannot be directly used until they are measured in parallel with internationally accepted instruments for comparison, calibration, and reduction. After evaluation of the data, the result shows that the monthly mean of BC concentration varies 3.1-14.8 mu g center dot m(-3) and the concentration decreases by about 1 mu g center dot m(-3) in average over the four years; It is higher in the dry season with a multi-year mean of 8.9 mu g/m(3) and lower in the rainy season with a multi-year mean of 8.0 mu g center dot m(-3); The extreme maximum of monthly mean concentration occurred in December 2004 and extreme minimum in July 2007, and a 4-year mean is 8.4 mu g center dot m(-3). It is also shown that monthly mean scattering coefficient derived varies 129 -565 Mm(-1), monthly mean absorption coefficient 32-139 Mm(-1), and monthly mean single scattering albedo 0.71-0.91, with annual mean values of 0.80, 0.82, 0.79 and 0.84 for 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Three instruments were used to take simultaneous measurements of BC in PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 and the results showed that PM2.5 took up about 90% of PM10 and PM1 accounted for about 68% of PM2.5, and BC aerosols are mainly present in fine particulates. The variability of BC concentrations is quite consistent between the Nancun station (141 m above sea level) and the Panyu station (13 m above sea level), which are 8 km apart from each other. The concentration in higher altitude station (Panyu) is consistently lower than the lower altitude station (Nancun), and the difference of annual mean is about 4 mu g center dot m(-3).