PCDD/F and "dioxin-like" PCB emissions from iron ore sintering plants in the UK

被引:154
作者
Aries, Eric [1 ]
Anderson, David R. [1 ]
Fisher, Raymond [1 ]
Fray, Trevor A. T. [1 ]
Hemfrey, Derek [1 ]
机构
[1] Swinden Technol Ctr, Rotherham S60 3AR, S Yorkshire, England
关键词
HRGC-HRMS; WHO-12PCBs; PCDD/Fs; iron ore sintering; toxic equivalent factor; TEQ; steel industry; de novo synthesis;
D O I
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.04.020
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Investigations have been carried out at the three Corus UK sinter plants over the period 2002-2004 to characterise the emissions of both 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs and WHO-12 PCBs, to estimate annual mass releases of these organic micro-pollutants using the 1-TEF and WHO-TEF schemes, and to investigate the formation of PCBs in the iron ore sintering process. Results showed that the sintering of iron ore produces a characteristic WHO-12 PCB and PCDD/F congener pattern that is substantially the same for all UK sinter plants. With regard to WHO-12 PCBs, the most abundant congeners were typically PCBs 118 (6-9 ng N m(-3)), 105 (2-4 ng N m(-3)) and 77 (23 ng N m(-3)). All other WHO-12 PCBs were also detected at concentrations around I ng N m-3. All sinter plants investigated exhibited very similar TEQ concentrations. WHO-12 PCB emissions were in the range 0.042-0.111 ng WHO-TEQ N m-3, whereas PCDD/F emissions ranged from 0.39 to 1.62 ng WHO-TEQ N m(-3). PCDF congeners were the main contributors to the overall TEQ in sintering emissions (ca. 85%). Amongst WHO-12 PCBs, PCB 126 was the only noteworthy contributor to total TEQ (ca. 5-7%), a similar contribution to that from PCDDs. Based on the measurements that Corns UK has undertaken at these three sinter plants, annual mass releases of WHO-12 PCBs and PCDD/Fs have been calculated. For UK sinter plants, a total mass release of 29.5 g WHO-TEQ per annum [WHO-12 PCBs + PCDD/Fs] has been estimated, representing 9% of the total PCDD/F emissions to the UK atmosphere. Measurements were also carried out at a UK sinter plant to determine the windleg emission profile of WHO-12 PCBs. Results showed that WHO-12 PCBs were formed in the same regions of the sinter strand as 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, indicating that there was a strong correlation between the formation of WHO-12 PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the iron ore sintering process. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页码:1470 / 1480
页数:11
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