Symbol timing estimation with CPM modulation

Symbol timing in continuous phase modulated signals is investigated making use of maximum likelihood estimation methods. Nondata-aided algorithms are proposed with a feedforward structure. They are suitable for digital implementation and can be employed with either full or partial response signaling. Multilevel symbol alphabets are allowed and the modulation index may be arbitrary. Performance is assessed by analysis and simulation. It turns out that full response schemes are comparatively easier to synchronize. Difficulties arise with partial response signaling, especially with long frequency pulses.