Pioneer Factors, Genetic Competence, and Inductive Signaling: Programming Liver and Pancreas Progenitors from the Endoderm

被引:119
作者
Zaret, K. S. [1 ]
Watts, J. [1 ]
Xu, J. [2 ]
Wandzioch, E. [1 ]
Smale, S. T. [2 ]
Sekiya, T. [1 ]
机构
[1] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Epigenet & Progenitor Cells Program, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
来源
CONTROL AND REGULATION OF STEM CELLS | 2008年 / 73卷
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
D O I
10.1101/sqb.2008.73.040
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
The endoderm is a multipotent progenitor cell population in the embryo that gives rise to the liver, pancreas. and other cell types and provides paradigms for Understanding cell-type specification. Studies of isolated embryo tissue cells and genetic approaches in vivo have defined fibroblast growth factor/mitogen-activated protein kinase (FGF/MAPK) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways that induce liver and pancreatic fates in the endoderm. In undifferentiated endoderm cells, the FoxA and GATA transcription factors are anion, the first to engage silent genes, helping to endow competence for cell-type specification. FoxA protein can bind their target sites in highly compacted chromatin and Open Lip the local region for other factors to bind: hence, they have been termed "pioneer factors." We recently found that FoxA proteins remain bound to chromatin in mitosis, as all epigenetic mark. In embryonic stem cells. which lack FoxA, FoxA target sites can be occupied by FoxD3, which in turn helps to maintain a local demethylation of chromatin. By these means, a cascade of Fox factors helps to endow progenitor cells with the competence to activate genes in response to tissue-inductive signals. Understanding such epigenetic Mechanisms for transcriptional competence coupled with knowledge of the relevant signals for cell-type specification should greatly facilitate efforts to predictably differentiate stern cells to liver and pancreatic fates.
引用
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页码:119 / +
页数:4
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