NMR and EPR studies of room temperature highly fluorinated graphite heat-treated under fluorine atmosphere

Semi-ionic carbon fluoride obtained by reaction of graphite with a gaseous mixture of IF5, HF and F-2 was modified by a post-fluorination at various temperatures in the range 100-680 degreesC. The resulting materials were studied by F-19-NMR and EPR both at room temperature and at different experimental temperatures from 200 to 360 K and from 100 to 473 K for NMR and EPR experiments, respectively. F-19-NMR gives information about the residual intercalated iodine fluoride species (IF5, IF6- and IF7) such as the temperature of their removal from the host fluorocarbon matrix and their mobility into the interlayer space. The nature of the C-F bonding was investigated by F-19-NMR, MAS/C-13-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The C-F bonding changes from semi-ionic to a mainly covalent character at a fluorination post-treatment temperature close to 450 degreesC. This transformation coincides with the removal of the iodine fluoride species from the host structure. The densities of the paramagnetic dangling bonds were studied by EPR; this technique allows also to investigate the local environment of the dangling bonds in the fully fluorinated samples (obtained with fluorination post-treatment temperatures higher than 450 degreesC). As a matter of fact, an hyperfine structure was observed for these samples; it results from interaction of the dangling bond electron with six neighboring fluorine nuclei. The role of the intercalated species (iodine fluoride compounds and HF) on the mechanisms of the extra-fluorination is also discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.