Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models

被引：449

作者：

Koch, D. ^{[1
,2
]}

Schulz, M. ^{[3
]}

Kinne, S. ^{[4
]}

McNaughton, C. ^{[11
]}

Spackman, J. R. ^{[9
,10
]}

Balkanski, Y. ^{[3
]}

Bauer, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Berntsen, T. ^{[14
]}

Bond, T. C. ^{[6
]}

Boucher, O. ^{[15
]}

Chin, M. ^{[16
]}

Clarke, A. ^{[11
]}

De Luca, N. ^{[24
]}

Dentener, F. ^{[8
]}

Diehl, T. ^{[17
]}

Dubovik, O. ^{[15
]}

Easter, R. ^{[18
]}

Fahey, D. W. ^{[9
,10
]}

Feichter, J. ^{[4
]}

Fillmore, D. ^{[22
]}

Freitag, S. ^{[11
]}

Ghan, S. ^{[18
]}

Ginoux, P. ^{[19
]}

Gong, S. ^{[20
]}

Horowitz, L. ^{[19
]}

Iversen, T. ^{[14
,27
]}

Kirkevag, A. ^{[27
]}

Klimont, Z. ^{[7
]}

Kondo, Y. ^{[12
]}

Krol, M. ^{[13
]}

Liu, X. ^{[18
,23
]}

Miller, R. ^{[2
]}

Montanaro, V. ^{[24
]}

Moteki, N. ^{[12
]}

Myhre, G. ^{[14
,28
]}

Penner, J. E. ^{[23
]}

Perlwitz, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

Pitari, G. ^{[24
]}

Reddy, S. ^{[15
]}

Sahu, L. ^{[12
]}

Sakamoto, H. ^{[12
]}

Schuster, G. ^{[5
]}

Schwarz, J. P. ^{[9
,10
]}

Seland, O. ^{[27
]}

Stier, P. ^{[25
]}

Takegawa, N. ^{[12
]}

Takemura, T. ^{[26
]}

Textor, C. ^{[3
]}

van Aardenne, J. A. ^{[8
]}

Zhao, Y. ^{[21
]}

机构：

[1] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA

[2] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA

[3] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France

[4] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany

[5] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA

[6] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[7] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria

[8] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy

[9] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[10] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

[11] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[12] Univ Tokyo, RCAST, Tokyo 1138654, Japan

[13] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands

[14] Univ Oslo, Oslo, Norway

[15] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve Dascq, France

[16] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[17] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA

[18] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA

[19] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA

[20] ARQM Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada

[21] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA

[22] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA

[23] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[24] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy

[25] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

[26] Kyushu Univ, Fukuoka 812, Japan

[27] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway

[28] CICERO, Oslo, Norway

来源：

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS | 2009年 / 9卷 / 22期

关键词：

OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT MODEL; MIXING STATE; RADIATIVE IMPACT; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; WET DEPOSITION; DUST AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; EMISSIONS; SIMULATION;

D O I：

10.5194/acp-9-9001-2009

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) retrievals from AERONET and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.7 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50N, the average model is a factor of 8 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC ratio is 0.4 and models underestimate the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models.

引用

页码：9001 / 9026

页数：26

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