VHF/UHF radar part 1: Characteristics

Low-frequency radars have the potential to counter stealth efforts and detect low-flying targets beyond the horizon. This paper gives an overview of the fundamental properties of radars at metric wavelengths, based on research over the past few years conducted at the German Research Institute for High-Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FGAN-FHR). Part 1 of the paper provides an analysis of radar cross-section to underline the anti-stealth properties of the low-frequency range and presents simulations as well as measurement results to demonstrate the beyond-the-horizon detection and foliage penetration capability of metric waves. Specific clutter properties are highlighted. Part 2 will consider operational aspects-target classification, electromagnetic compatibility, jammer suppression-and applications.