Research on the up-conversion luminescence of Tm3+ ion in crystal and amorphous pentaphosphate materials

Ultraviolet and dark blue upconversion luminescence of Tm3+ ion in TmP5O14 crystal as well as in amorphous Tm0.1La0.9P5O14 are reported. A compound upconversion mechanism involving both stepwise two-photon absorption of a single ion and cooperative energy transfer between two ions is observed. We also present here the methods and procedures to analyze the phenomenon and mechanism of luminescence, as well as our comments on the differences and similarities between crystalline and non-crystalline, high-concentration and low-concentration materials.