Immunity in neonates

被引:104
作者
Morein, B
Abusugra, I
Blomqvist, G
机构
[1] Natl Vet Inst, Dept Virol, Ctr Biomed, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
[2] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Ctr Biomed, Fac Med Vet, Dept Vet Microbiol,Sect Virol, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
关键词
veterinary immunology; neonate; maternal immunity; vaccine; adjuvants; T helper cells; Th1/Th2;
D O I
10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00078-8
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Passively derived maternal immunity hampers active immunization of newborns. Further, an immature immune system contributes to a weak and Th2 polarized immunity. This state of immunity in early life sustains endemic infections in man and continuous reinfections in animal herds. The endemic infections of the young occur preferentially when the immune system is still functionally immature and when the low levels of maternal antibodies are no longer protective but yet blocks protective immune responses. Vaccines overcoming these problems would have strong positive effects on the herd health and environmental benefits. The Th2 bias of the newborn is mediated by high levels of progesterone and Th2 cytokines produced in the maternal-fetal inter-face. The activity of the innate system is enhanced in the mother during the prepartus period, certainly having effects on the offspring. Newborn, 2-days-old, mice can be primed with Sendai virus envelope proteins as model antigens to induce Th1 or Th2 responses. dependent on the supplementation of the virus antigen formulation with Th1 or Th2 adjuvants, This priming has a strong life-long effect when complemented with subsequent boosts. However and importantly this priming effect can be modulated by adjuvants focusing for Th1 and Th2 when applied to the mice at 6 weeks of age, i.e. when they are immunologically adult. It has been shown in various species, besides mice, i.e. dog, sheep, horse and seal, that a strong Th1 driving adjuvant can induce immune response and protection in newborns when conventional vaccines fail. In conclusion, the Th2 bias prevailing a-round partus can be overcome by appropriate immunological treatments, permitting effective vaccination and protective immunity in the newborn. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:207 / 213
页数:7
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