Measurement of visceral adipose tissue by DXA combined with anthropometry in obese humans

OBJECTIVE: To get accurate measurements of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DESIGN: DXA and anthropometric data and their combinations were compared to the VAT area calculated from a computed tomography (CT) single scan. SUBJECTS: 71 overweight subjects (44 women, 27 men), age: 16 - 70 y, BMI: 27 - 52 kg/m(2). MEASUREMENTS: Total body and segmental tissue composition, and new parameters obtained from DXA, in addition to waist and hip cicumferences and abdominal sagittal diameter measurements. RESULTS: The ratio measured at the umbilical level (sagittal diameter - subcutaneous fat width) x (transverse internal diameter)/(height) was closely related to VAT (r = 0.94 for women and 0.88 for men). It gave the most predictive equation for VAT: y = 79.6x (s.e. 3.9) - 149 cm(2) for the whole population (r(2) = 0.86, P < 0.0001, root mean square error = 38.2 cm(2). An independent relationship between lean mass or its index (r = 0.52 and 0.72, P < 0.001) and VAT was also found in women. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential usefulness of DXA to supply accurate measurements of VAT in addition to total body composition determination in obese subjects.