Safety and acceptability of cellulose sulfate as a vaginal microbicide in HIV-infected women

Objectives: Few studies of topical microbicides have assessed their safety in HIV-infected women. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and acceptability of 6% cellulose sulfate (CS) gel as a vaginal microbicide in sexually abstinent and active HIV-infected women. Methods: Fifty-nine HIV-infected women were enrolled in a randomized double-blind 19 placebo-controlled study comparing 6% CS to placebo gel used for 14 days. Sexually abstinent women applied gel once or twice daily and sexually active women used gel once daily. Results: CS gel was safe with no reported severe or life-threatening adverse events (AE). A Thirty-nine (66%) of the participants experienced urogenital AE judged as probably or possibly related to gel. The majority (51%) of these participants reported only mild events. Fewer women (62%) who used CS experienced urogenital AE than those assigned to placebo gel (70%) (P=0.59). Eleven (19%) women experienced intermenstrual bleeding judged to be probably or possibly related to gel use (four in the CS and seven in the placebo gel group). There was no increase in AE by frequency of gel use or sexual activity with the exception of abdominal/pelvic pain which was noted more A frequently with twice daily use among sexually abstinent women. Women and men found the gel highly acceptable. Conclusions: This Phase I study demonstrated that CS vaginal gel was safe, well tolerated and acceptable by HIV-infected women and their male partners. Thus, further development of CS is warranted as a potential method to prevent HIV transmission and acquisition.