Preclinical evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and elimination of MS-325, a blood pool agent for magnetic resonance imaging

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. The authors evaluate MS-325, a new albumin-targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, for its pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and elimination characteristics in multiple animal species. METHODS. Studies were performed in rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates at intravenous doses ranging from 0.025 to 0.20 mmol/kg. Concentrations of MS-325 in blood, urine, feces, and organs were determined using gadolinium-153-labeled MS-325 and gamma counting or by using nonlabeled MS-325 and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS. In rabbits and nonhuman primates, MS-325 is approximately 85% to 95% bound to serum proteins and, as a result, exhibits low volume of distribution (V-d) values, 0.11 to 0.14 L/kg, and a long elimination half-life (T-e1/2), 2 to 3 hours. Some dose-dependence in the parameters is apparent in rabbits. MS-325 is eliminated primarily through the renal system in non-human primates. In contrast, the behavior of MS-325 in rats is different, exhibiting increased biliary excretion, a larger V-d value, and a shorter T-e1/2. CONCLUSIONS. The pharmacokinetics and elimination profile of MS-325, including vascular retention and renal excretion, are favorable for use in humans as an intravascular contrast agent for MRI.