Solar air conditioning in Europe - an overview

Summer air conditioning represents a growing market in buildings worldwide, with a particularly significant growth rate observed in European commercial and residential buildings. Heat-driven cooling technologies are available, which can be used in combination with solar thermal collectors to alleviate the burden caused by air conditioning on the electric utilities and the environment. Solar air conditioning has progressed considerably over the past years as a result of efforts toward environmental protection and new developments in components and systems, and significant experience has been gained from demonstration projects. The main obstacles for large scale application, beside the high first cost, are the lack of practical experience and acquaintance among architects, builders and planners with the design, control and operation of these systems. This paper describes the main results of the EU project SACE (Solar Air Conditioning in Europe), aimed to assess the state-of-the-art, future needs and overall prospects of solar cooling in Europe. A group of researchers from five countries has surveyed and analyzed over 50 solar-powered cooling projects in different climatic zones. The paper presents a short overview on the state-of-the-art and potential of solar-assisted cooling and air conditioning technologies. The results of the study, including a database of the surveyed projects, an evaluation of these projects on a uniform basis, an economic analysis tool, user guidelines and a multimedia tool-are presented. The potential energy savings and limitations of solar thermal air conditioning in comparison to conventional technologies are illustrated and discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.