Wind tunnel experiments of single-phase heavy gas jets released under various angles into turbulent cross flows

Wind tunnel experiments were initiated to investigate the dispersion of single-phase heavy gas jets in turbulent cross flows. In recent years comparable studies were carried out mainly with jets released vertically upwards. Since during accidents non-vertical jets occur frequently, in this work jet releases under various angles were studied. In the experiments the similarity parameters governing such jets were varied over a wide range. The boundary layers modelled were characteristic for rural, suburban and urban landscapes. The experiments have shown that in the area limited by the lower flammability distance the densimetric Froude number, the velocity ratio and the release angle have the largest influence on jet dispersion, whereas the density ratio and the power-law exponent affect the jet behaviour only marginally. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.